Sulfur Recovery and Tail Gas Cleanup (TGCU)

ProMax contains a complete suite of reactor models facilitating an easy-to-set-up, yet accurate model of sulfur recovery unit operations. A theoretical approach with empirical modifications allows the user to model real world behavior, whether for the Claus Process itself or a variety of other Claus/Tail Gas technologies.

Model specific Claus configurations such as acid gas bypass, hot gas bypass, enhanced oxygen, catalytic burners, and more.

• Selectox/Recycle Selectox®

• COPE™

• Ultra®

• Sulfreen®

• SCOT®

• SUPERCLAUS®

• MODOP®

• CBA®

• EUROCLAUS®

Benefits

• Directly link the amine, sulfur and tailgas units all in one project

• Optimize plant performance through custom solver routines

• Automatically determine overall plant sulfur recovery

• Easily determine the sulfur dewpoint at any point in the system

• Calculate steam generation and consumption quantities

• Integrate the complete steam system into the simulation

ProMax Sulfur Plant Reactor Applications

ProMax uses predefined Gibbs reaction sets to make it very easy for the user to model the plant. Simply select the reactor type from a drop down list and the appropriate components for that reaction will automatically be selected for inclusion across the reactor. Some of the predefined reaction sets are listed below.

Acid Gas Burner

This Gibbs Set has default settings used to model the burner at the inlet of a Claus sulfur recovery unit. All Components are included by default. Default Constraints are selected to predict CS 2 and COS formation in the burner.

Burner

This can be used to model any type of reactor in a sulfur recovery unit. No constraints are set by default, and all components are Gibbs Reactive (e.g. all components are included in the reaction). This model could be used to model an incinerator or Reducing Gas Generator (RGG).

Claus Bed

This Gibbs Set has default settings used to model standard Claus beds. The Bypass Fraction parameter is used to effectively set an approach to equilibrium conversion when matching plant data. This type Gibbs Set is not intended to model the first Claus bed since the first Claus bed temperature and catalyst type should be such that COS and CS 2 are destroyed.

Sulfur Direct Oxidation

This Gibbs set has default settings intended to model a Selectox type reactor or catalyst burner which can replace the conventional burner for cases with very low H 2 S. This type reactor is also sometimes used for tail gas applications.

Sulfur Partial Oxidation

This Gibbs Set has default settings intended to model the SUPERCLAUS type direct oxidation bed at the end of the Claus unit.

Hydrolyzing Claus Bed

The default settings for this Gibbs set are intended to model the first Claus bed where the temperature and catalyst type are typically such that COS and CS 2 are destroyed.

Sub-Dewpoint Claus Bed

This type Claus bed operates below the sulfur dew point. This Gibbs Set has default settings used to model the 2nd and subsequent Claus beds.

Sulfur Condenser

This type of reactor condenses sulfur species from the vapor to produce a liquid sulfur product. Available sulfur allotropes range from S 1 to S 8 .

Sulfur Hydrogenation

The default settings for this Gibbs Set are intended to model the Tail Gas Cleanup Unit (TGCU) Hydrogenation reactor in which all sulfur species are converted to H 2 S. The TGCU Hydrogenation reactor is normally used in conjunction with a Reducing Gas Generator (RGG) Reactor for the tail gas. Hydrocarbons and ammonia are the only non-reactive components by default.

Sulfur Redistribution

The default settings for this Gibbs Set are used to model the 2nd pass of the waste heat boiler from about 1200 °F to 600 °F (648.9 °C to 315.6 °C) where the redistribution of sulfur species is the primary reaction.

Sulfur Thermal Reaction Zone

The default settings for this Gibbs Set are intended to model the 1st pass of the waste heat boiler from the burner flame temperature down to about 1200 °F (648.9 °C).

COS and CS 2 Formation and Destruction

COS and CS 2 are formed in the acid gas burner, and are partially destroyed in the first Claus bed provided the appropriate catalyst is present and the temperature is sufficiently high.

Equilibrium models do not adequately predict the formation of COS and/or CS 2 in the burner as observed concentrations can be significantly higher than equilibrium predictions. A number of semi-empirical correlations have been developed to more accurately predict COS and CS 2 formation in the burner:

Fischer 1974 - This correlation predicts the concentration of COS, CS 2 out of the burner.

Luinstra d’Haene 1989 - This correlation predicts the concentration of CS 2 out of the burner and requires a residence time specification.

NSERC 1993 - This correlation predicts the concentration of COS, CS 2 out of the burner.

NSERC 2002 - This correlation predicts the concentration of CS 2 .

• Upstream Production Facilities

• Hydrocarbon Accounting

• Gathering and Compression

• Flare and Vent Lines

• GIS Tool

• Dehydration and Hydrates

• Acid Gas Removal

• Environmental Solutions

• Midstream Hydrocarbon Recovery and Fractionation

• Pipelines and Transportation

• Gathering and Compression

• GIS Tool

• Environmental Solutions

• Refining Distillation

• Crude Preheat Networks

• Hydroprocessing

• Delayed Coking

• Alkylation

• Crude Characterization

• Acid Gas Removal

• Sour Water Stripping

• Sulfur Recovery

• Caustic Systems

• Treating Dehydration / Hydrate Inhibition

• Sulfur Recovery TGCU

• Acid Gas Removal

• Sour Water Stripping

• Detailed Design Columns

• Heat Exchangers

• Separators

• Piping

• Control Valves

• Flow Meters

• Relief Systems

• Environmental Solutions Glycol Dehydration Emissions

• Event-Based Emissions

• OOOOa Vent Assessment Tool

• VOC Emissions Permitting and Inventories

• Methane Emissions

• Sustainable Energy Carbon Capture and Sequestration

• Renewable Natural Gas

• Renewable Diesel

• Blue Hydrogen

• Green Hydrogen

• Data Exchange and Optimization Data Exchange

• Optimization Tool